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crossref-_sciencelineVolume 15 (1); January 30, 2025


415-Al_Rharad_et_al._Calcium_and_phosphorus_status_of_goats_grazing_in_northwest_Moroccan_forest

 

GA

Research Paper

Calcium and phosphorus status of goats grazing in northwest Moroccan forest

Al Rharad A, Bouassab A, Acherkouk M and Ayadi AM.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 15(1): 01-07, 2025; pii: S222877012500001-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2025.1

Abstract

In the present study, leaves and twigs from 17 shrubs and trees consumed by the west-north Moroccan indigenous goats were collected and evaluated for their calcium and phosphorus (Ca and P) content. The potential mineral needs of adults and young goats of both sexes (male and female) from three localities were estimated to assess their mineral deficiency. This assessment was based on their weight and the diet composition determined through direct observation and the bites method. The browse species had a higher Ca content than P (1.79 vs 1.57 g/kg DM). The adult female goats had the highest P intake (2.04 g/day) with the highest deficit compared to the male adult (-29) vs (-26) % of their daily requirements. Young kids (males and females) had the lowest Ca intake (0.81 and 0.75 g/day, respectively) and recorded the lowest deficit (-17) vs (-19) %, respectively. Goats also showed a higher Ca deficit than P. In conclusion, the present results offer valuable information about the main mineral intake of the goats in the forest pasture of this region. Supplementing these two minerals is essential for enhancing goat performance in the traditional semi-extensive goat farming system that relies on forest pastures in the western-northern region of Morocco.
Keywords: Diet composition, Goat, Indigenous breeds, Mineral requirement, Pastoral plants.

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401-weanling_pigs_fed_nucleotides

Research Paper

Growth performance and profitability of weanling pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus L.) fed pre-starter diet supplemented with nucleotide

Verdijo A and Mondejar H.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 15(1): 08-14, 2025; pii: S222877012500002-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2025.2

Abstract

Nucleotides can improve intestinal health by modulating the local immune response and intestinal mucosa development in weaned piglets. This study was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of post weaned piglets and evaluated the economic analysis of nucleotides supplementation for 30 days. A total of 120 mixed breed piglets were selected at the weaning stage and were used in the experiment as control group vs. treatment 2 supplemented with nucleotide. Each treatment consisted of 60 heads with three replications with 20 heads per replication arranged in Complete Randomized Design. Results were analyzed through Pairwise T and LSD tests. In terms of growth performance, results showed that supplementation of nucleotide had significantly increased the average daily gain, feed conversion ratio and weight gain by 0.50, 1.20 and 15.02 kg, respectively. However, there was no significant difference in terms of the average daily feed intake. With regards to the economic analysis, total production input had no effect with or without nucleotide supplementation but surprisingly, it had a gross margin of Php 95,900 (Philippine peso money) which was 5% more as with those that have supplementation. As to the net income, supplementation of nucleotides increased about 40.7% in comparison to control. Furthermore, a peso of investment could have a return of about 18 cents (1050 Php) more returns with supplementation, which apparently had 0.11 cents leverage compared to control group (0.07 cents). In conclusion, nucleotide supplementation not only improved the growth performance of post-weaned piglets but also enhanced profitability, offering a significant return on investment for swine producers. This makes nucleotide supplementation a promising strategy for improving both animal health and economic outcomes in swine production.
Keywords: Benefit Cost Ratio, Daily weight gain, Feed conversion ratio, Net Income, Nucleotides.

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Peru03-Sarcocystosis

Research Paper

Sarcocystosis in alpacas and llamas: regional, market, and muscle-specific prevalence patterns

Garcia-Olarte E, Ninahuanca J, Suarez-Reynoso W, Mauricio-Ramos Y, Guillen MF, Payano IU, Tacza AA, Condor WG.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 15(1): 15-20, 2025; pii: S222877012500003-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2025.3

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of species (alpacas and llamas), markets in the city of Huancayo (Ferrocarril Commercial Center, Nueva Esperanza, and Nazareth), and muscle groups on the prevalence of Sarcocystis sp. Between January and October 2023, a total of 2,211 carcasses were inspected, comprising 1,716 alpacas and 495 llamas. The results indicated a prevalence of 21% (104/495 carcasses) in llamas and 8% (138/1,716 carcasses) in alpacas. By region of origin, the prevalence in alpacas was reported as follows: Huancavelica (7.7%) with 14/181 carcasses, Junín (6.7%) with 55/820 carcasses, and Lima (9.7%) with 69/715 carcasses. For llamas, the Lima region exhibited the highest prevalence of sarcocystosis (33.9%) with 72/212 carcasses, followed by Huancavelica (14.7%) with 14/102 carcasses, and Junín (9.8%) with 18/181 carcasses. Regarding the markets, the Ferrocarril market presented the highest risk of contamination, serving as the reference group for comparison. In contrast, the Nazareth and Nueva Esperanza markets showed significantly lower odds of Sarcocystis sp. presence, with Odds Ratios (ORs) of 0.38 and 0.25, respectively. For muscle groups, the anatomical distribution of Sarcocystis sp. cysts revealed a preferential localization in the leg (OR = 1.65) and neck (OR = 1.20) compared to the shoulder. This investigation provides significant data on the prevalence of Sarcocystis sp. in alpacas and llamas, highlighting a higher prevalence in llamas despite their smaller sample size. These findings emphasize the need for targeted interventions to address this parasitic infection in camelid production systems.
Keywords: Animal products Camelids, Carcass quality, Mantaro valley, Parasite.

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380-feather_genotype_storage_duration_and_temperature_on_chicken_table_eggs

Research Paper

Influence of feather genotype, storage duration and temperature on the external and internal qualities of chicken table eggs

Kanasuah DN, Adomako K, Hagan BA and Olympio OS.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 15(1): 21-32, 2025; pii: S222877012500004-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2025.4

Abstract

A study was carried out to determine the influence of the feather genotype, storage duration, temperature and method on the internal and external qualities of chicken table eggs. A total of 864 table eggs collected from naked neck (Nanaff), frizzle (nanaFf) and normal feathered (nanaff) birds were used in the study. A Completely Randomized Design of four factors namely, feather genotypes, storage temperatures (5ºC and 26ºC), storage duration (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) and storage methods (with or without vegetable oil application) was used. The GLM procedure of GenStat (17th Edition) was used to determine the effects of the four factors and their interactions on external qualities (egg weight, length, and width, shell weight and thickness) and internal qualities (albumen height and weight, yolk height, weight, diameter and colour and Haugh unit) of table eggs. The effect of chicken genotype on proximate composition and nutritional values of table eggs were also determined. Feather genotype had significant (P<0.05) effect on yolk colour and weight whilst storage duration, temperature and method had significant (P<0.05) effects on all the internal qualities of eggs studied except effect of storage duration on yolk colour. The 2-way and 3-way interactions of the factors studied were important sources of variation for many of the internal qualities of eggs studied. With the exception of storage temperature, the other factors studied had significant (P<0.05) effects on many of the external qualities of eggs. The interactions of the factors were not significant (P>0.05) sources of variation for most of the external qualities of eggs. Mutant feather genes (Na and F) positively influence egg qualities which could be utilised to segment the commercial chicken egg market.
Keywords: Feather, Frizzle, Naked neck, Yolk colour, Nutritional value.

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344-Kacang_goat_fed_ruminally_undegraded_protein-Adiwinarti_et_al

Research Paper

Primal cuts of carcass and meat characteristics of Kacang goat fed total mixed ration containing different sources of ruminally undegraded protein

Adiwinarti R, Kustantinah, Rusman, Rianto E, Purnomoadi A, Arifin M, Sutaryo, and Restitrisnani V.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 15(1): 33-40, 2025; pii: S222877012500005-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2025.5

Abstract

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of feed quality improvement using gliricidia and different sources of protein in total mixed ration (TMR) on the primal cuts, loin eye area, and fatty acids profile of goat meat. This study used twenty yearling Kacang goats weighing 17.42±1.63 kg. The goats were randomly allocated into 4 different treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments involved the use of natural grass from rangeland (NGFR; control) as well as improving the quality of feed through TMR containing various ruminally undegraded protein sources, i.e. TMR contains fish meal (TMR-FM), TMR contains soybean meal (TMR-SBM) and TMR contains formaldehyde treated soybean meal (TMR-TSBM). The parameters observed were primal cuts yield, loin eye area, meat, fat, bone of primal cuts, and fatty acids profile. Data were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. The results showed that the goats fed TMR-FM and TMR-TSBM produced significantly higher meat percentage than control goats. The meat yield of TMR-SBM and TMR-TSBM goats were significantly higher than those of control goats. Goats fed TMR-SBM produced the highest primal cuts yield and shoulder weight, while the weight of rib, loin, and leg of TMR-SBM goats were similar to those of TMR-TSBM goats. Loin eye area was similar between the treatments. Saturated fatty acids content in TMR groups was similar to those in control. It can be concluded that improved feed quality using TMR-SBM produced significantly higher primal cuts weight, while TMR-TSBM had better meat-to-bone ratio than control. TMR-TSBM goats produced significantly leaner meat than TMR-SBM goats. Fatty acid profiles were similar between treatments.
Keywords: Fatty acids, Fish meal, Goat meat, Meat quality, Total mixed ration.

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382-Haimusi._Hematological_and_biochemical_parameters_of_captive_fallow_deer_Dama_dama_in_a_zoo_environment

Research Paper

Hematological and biochemical parameters of captive fallow deer (Dama dama) in a zoo environment

Hažimusić N, Škapur V, Hadžijunuzović-Alagić D, Livnjak A.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 15(1): 41-46, 2025; pii: S222877012500006-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2025.6

Abstract

Accurate health assessment of wild, semi-captive, or domesticated animals is essential for their well-being. Despite this necessity, limited studies have been conducted on deer species, and there is a paucity of information on the hemato-biochemical parameters of different deer species globally. Present study aimed to fill this gap by determining the hematological and serum biochemical parameters of fallow deer (Dama dama) maintained in semi-captivity within zoo environments for the first time in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Present research involved six healthy male fallow deer, aged 2 to 5 years. The deer were immobilized using xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride, and blood samples were collected from the external jugular vein. The hematological parameters measured included RBC, PCV, HGB, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, RETIC, WBC, WBC differential, PLT, MPV, PDW, and PCT. Biochemical parameters included glucose, urea, creatinine, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, and enzymes (AST, ALT, ALKP, and GGT) activities. The results showed the higher glucose and urea concentrations and the same values for creatinine, triglycerides, and enzyme activities when compared to some previous reports. These findings highlighted the importance of considering handling methods and environmental conditions when interpreting biochemical parameters, contributing to improved health assessments and management practices for deer in captivity.
Keywords: Biochemical and hematological parameters, Captive wildlife, Domesticated animals, Fallow deer.

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391-Effect_of_dietary_tomato_waste_on_Japanese_quail

Research Paper

Effect of graded levels of dietary tomato waste on performance and carcass characteristics of Japanese quail reared under intensive system

Bhawa S, Moreki JC and Manyeula F.

Online J. Anim. Feed Res., 15(1): , 2025; pii: S222877012500007-15

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.51227/ojafr.2025.7

Abstract

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of soybean meal (SM) with tomato waste (TW) in Japanese quail diets on the resulting yield, internal organs, and carcass characteristics. Eighty unsexed 1-day-old chicks were housed in battery cages with cardboard boxes used as solid floors and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary groups, 46.2% SM, 44.2% SM + 2% TW, 42.2% SM + 4% TW, or 40.2% SM + 6% TW, over a 6 weeks growth period. Yields and carcass characteristics were then determined. Data were analysed using the General Linear Model (GLM) procedures followed by a response procedure for surface regression analysis (Proc RSREG; SAS 9.4) to describe the parameters’ responses to graded levels of dietary tomato waste. Repeated measures analyses showed significant week × diet interaction effects on feed intake (FI, P = 0.03), body weight gain (WG, P = 0.0006), feed conversion ratio (FCR, P = 0.002), protein efficient ratio (P = 0.0001), and growth efficiency (P = 0.0001). By supplementing the diets of quails with a 2% inclusion level, a diet significantly affected quails' FI on weeks 1, 2, 3, and 6. A diet containing 2% TW significantly affected live weight (LW), hot carcass weight (HCW), and cold-dressed weight (CDW). It is concluded that the diet supplementation with 44.2% SM + 2% TW seemed ideal for optimum performance in Japanese quails based on the insignificant change in feed intake and growth efficiency results compared to 46.2% SM for weeks 1 and 2. Further research is needed on the application method that could be used to enhance the utilization of tomato waste in Japanese quails.
Keywords: Carcass characteristics, Dietary replacements, Growth performance, Japanese quails, Tomato waste.

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